Clinical Dentistry in general deals with 50% Aesthetics and the other 50% concentration is focussed on the treatment of pathological conditions of the tooth.
Coming to the importance of aesthetics in dentistry and how it is implemented in dentistry. Firstly we will come know the definition of aesthetics.
Aesthetics: It is the Beauty / appearance of an object (or) any Structure, but as we are concerned with the oral cavity and its structures so in dentistry we will try to improve the external appearance of the tooth, jaw, or the whole oral cavity in general.
For a dentist the aesthetics of the oral cavity of the patient is the main factor to be concentrated on along with treating the disease of the patient.
The new generation of people have become more beauty conscious, so the demand for Cosmetic Dentistry has gone up comparitevely in the last few years, as cosmetic dentistry deals more with the aesthetics of the patient.
Satisfaction of the patient: For a patient to be satiesfied with a doctors work, the site on which the doctor has worked should be brought back to normal or use additional materials to increase its aesthetics and one has to retain the originality of the oral cavity.
There are many ways of retianing and improving the Aesthetics of the patient. We will discuss about some of the ways by which we can improve the aesthetics
1) In root canal treatment there will be an open cavity left after the treatment so this cavity is first filled with amalgam and the tooth anatomy is brought back to normal with a cap which cannot be differentiated from the original.
Tooth coloured Restoration: Used after filling the cavities made after removal of caries.
Braces: Dental braces are used to bring the disoriented teeth which decrease the aesthetics of the patient into an organised and normal anatomical positions which improves the functioning and more so increases the look of the arches.
One thing to be noted is that during the course of the treatment using the braces is that the aesthetics is totally lost, but after the treatment the aesthetics is relatively improved.
Dentures: When teeth are lost in the oral cavity the look of the oral cavity and regression of the cheeks and the jaw bones, so these are used to bring back the natural arrangement of the oral cavity.
The dentures are of two types-
1) Removable partial dentures.
2) Complete dentures.
Tooth jewellery: This is a new trend in many youngesters, in which the doctors make a small hole on the tooth surfad mostly a canine and put in a diamond or a gem stone.

This condition is also called as Edentulism. This is a condition where there are no teeth left in the oral cavity and all the teeth have fallen.

In this condition there will be great difficulty for the patient to chew any kind of hard food as the mucous membrane of alveolar ridge will be exposed and the patient has to get complete dentures.

There will also be shrinkage of the mandible inwards and the aesthetics of the patient will be affected very badly, and it also gives a very aged look to the patient, so the sooner the dentures are put the better it is.

There will be problem in speech and pronunciation, so the quality of the speech and the communicating power of the patient is reduced.

The instruments used in Ist year of dentistry are mostly the technical instruments and some of the clinical instruments.

In Ist year we mostly learn the work done by technicians and learn about their work practically, so we use the instruments used by them which are non clinical.

The instruments used are:

1) Macintosh sheet: This is a rubbery material, which is very rigid and is used to keep the surroundings clean from the work done.

2) Plaster Spatula: This is a broad bladed spatula which is used to mix the Plaster of Paris in an efficient way. There re 2 types of these spatulas: 1) Straight

Curved Spatula: This is similar to the straight spatula but the only difference is that it has a slightly curved blade which helps in mixing the contents of the bowl by pressing against the walls of the bowl.

3) Plaster Knife: This is an instrument which is used to handle the plaster of paris and apply it in a way which is needed.

4) Rubber Bowl: This is a bowl made out of rubber which is elastic to some extent and help in easy and good mixing of the plaster of paris and also an Alginate(Impression material) .

5) Cement Spatula: This is a clinical instrument which we use in our daily practice,It has a wide bladed face and a long handle so that there is a big surface area to mix the liquid and the powder of the cement to get an appropriate mix. And apply them into the prepared cavities to get the tooth structure back to its original state.

6) Agate Spatula: This is also used to mix dental cement but it is made out of plastic, as there are cements which react with the metal of the steel spatula, mailny this spatula is used to mix GIC ( glass inomer cement)

7) Glass Slab: It is used to mix the constituents of the cement together in a proper way and to get a flat surface to mix on, So it is used as a platform to mix the cements.

8 ) Lacron Carver: It is an instrument which has a blade on one side and a scoop like thing on the other side of it. It is an instrument used in Dental anatomy practicals where we have to carve teeth out of the wax blocks.

9 ) Stainless Steel Scale:

10) Impression Trays: These are metal trays which are used to carry the Impression material into the mouth and give support to the impression material so that there is a good impression (or) a replica of the oral cavity.

The Impression Trays are of 2 main types:

1) Dentulous: These are trays which are used to take impressions of people with teeth or of a dentulous mouth.

2) Edentulous: These are trays which are used to take impressions in an edentulous mouth or a patient without teeth.

The are again divided into two types, based on the presence of perforations in it:

1) Perforated: There are small perforations or holes in the tray.

2) Non-Perforated: There are no perforations in the trays as they are used to carry impression materials which are not rigid Ex. Alginate.

We learn about these Dental instruments as we need have a insight into our profession.

Permanent teeth are the set of teeth which replace the Deciduous teeth, the permanent teeth are more in number and are comparatively larger than the deciduous teeth.

These are called the Permanent teeth because these are the last teeth to erupt and there will be no new growth of teeth in the oral cavity after these teeth are lost.

There are a total of 32 permanent teeth present in the oral cavity of an adult human being, There are

• Incissors - 8
• Canines - 4
• Premolars - 8
• Molars - 12

To know the positioning of the teeth look at the picture given in the post.

Deciduous teeth also known as the Milk teeth are the set of teeth present in children. These teeth are present upto the age of 12 in most of the children but can vary in some individuals, There are mainly 5 teeth in each Quadrant in the oral cavity.

The teeth missing are both the Pre molars and the 3rd molar

The teeth present are: Incisor

Canine

Molars

Refer to the picture to get a clear view of the dentition .