Synonyms: Fordyce Spots, Fordyce Disease

Etiology:

Inclusion of ectoderm having potentialities of skin in the oral cavity during development of maxilla & mandible- embryonic life

Differential Diagnosis:

• Sebaceous Hyperplasia
• Epidermoid cyst
• Dermoid cyst

Clinical Features:

Incidence:  80%
Age: Adults
Sex predilection :  M=F
Site or Location:

• Buccal mucosa (opposite molar teeth)
• Fordyce Lips
• Retromolar region

Clinical appearance:

• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Small yellow spots either discreetly separated or forming plaques
• Projecting slightly above the surface of the tissue

Histologic Features:

• Similar to sebaceous glands of skin –but not associated with hair follicles
• Usually superficial just beneath the overlying epithelium which often produce local elevation of the epithelium
• Consist of few or more lobules grouped around one or more ducts which open on the surface of the mucosa

Treatment of Fordyce spots or Granules:

• Treatment is not required.
• Inflamed glands can be treated by Clindamycin
• But in case of any effect to physical appearance due to Fordyce spots or Granules on Lips the mode of treatment is: Laser Treatment of Fordyce spots on Lips is done
• Neoplastic Transformation has been reported but very rare.

Recurrence:

• No Recurrence is seen

Fascial space areas are filled normally with loose connective tissue which readily breakdown when invaded by infection, leading to large swelling.

Fascial space infections are the most common cause of swellings in the head and neck region

These fascia of the head and neck may be divided into:

1. Superficial Fascia
2. Deep Cervical Fascia

Courtesy: Exodontia.info

Classification of Fascial Spaces:

There are 16 fascial spaces in the Head and Neck region, which are further divided into 4 types:

1. Fascial Spaces of the Face
2. Suprahyoid Fascial Spaces
3. Infrahyoid Spaces
4. Fascial Spaces of the Neck

Fascial Spaces of the Face:

1. Canine Space
2. Buccal Space
3. Masticatory Space

• Massetric spaces
• Pterygomandibular space
• Temporal Space (Zygomaticotemporal space)

4. Parotid Space
5. Infratemporal Space

Suprahyoid Fascial Spaces:

1. Sublingual space
2. Submental space
3. Submandibular space
4. lateral Pharyngeal space
5. Peritonsillar space

Infrahyoid Space:

1. Pretracheal space

Fascial Spaces of the Neck:

1. Retropharyngeal space
2. Danger space
3. Space of the carotid sheath

• Subcutaneous
• Develop from the Mesoderm of the2nd Branchial arch
• They are supplied by the facial nerve
• All of them are inserted into the skin

The Muscles which lead to various expressions:

1. Smiling and laughing – Zygomaticus Major
2. Sadness – Levator labii superioris, levator angulioris
3. Grief – Depressor Anguli Oris
4. Anger – Dilator naris and depressor septi
5. Frowning – Corrugator Supercilii, Procerus
6. Horror, terror, fright – Platysma
7. Surprise – Frontalis
8. Doubt – Mentalis
9. Grinning – Risorius
10. Contempt – Zygomaticus Minor
11. Closing the mouth – Orbicularis Oris
12. Whistling – Buccinator, Orbicularis Oris

© mplab.ucsd.edu

Muscles of Facial Expression are the Facial muscles which with the help of minute and major contractions and relaxation lead to appearance of facial expressions.

1. Factor I = Fibrinogen
2. Factor II = Prothrombin
3. Factor III = Tissue Thromboplastin
4. Factor IV = Calcium
5. Factor V = Proaccelerin, Labile factor
6. Factor VI – Accelerin (Does not exist as it was named initially but later on discovered not to play a part in blood coagulation)
7. Factor VII = Serum Prothrombin, Stable factor antihemophilic
8. Factor VIII = Antihemophilic factor A, Antihemophilic Globulin, Antihemophilic factor
9. Factor IX = Plasma Thromboplastin component, Antihemophilic factor B or Christmas factor
10. Factor X = Stuart Prower factor
11. Factor XI = Antihemophilic factor C
12. Factor XII = Hageman factor
13. Factor XIII = Fibrin stabilising factor

Knowing about the Blood Coagulation factors in Dentistry is very important to prevent the mishaps from occurring during or after Dental procedures. There are many Hematologic disorders which are related to these factors,which makes it essential to make note of these factors and the concerning disorders.