Synonyms of Dental Fear:

1. Dental phobia,
2. Odontophobia,
3. Dentophobia,
4. Dentist phobia,
5. Dental anxiety

The main difference between Dental Fear and Dental Phobia is:

Dental Fear: It is a fear which is developed after the person has experienced it themselves or has been hearing about the procedures from others and developed an inner fear about Dentists and Dental Procedures.

Dental Phobia: It is a type of Fear which does not have any previous impact on the person and is purely innate without any external influence or previous experience.

Types of Dental Phobia’s | Phobias relates to Dentistry: 

Odontophobia- It is the fear of Dentists, the person gets Sweaty palms cold feet which are the symptoms of Odontophobia.

Dentophobia- In precise it is the fear of undergoing Dental Procedures, or even imagining entering a Dental Clinic and sitting on a Dental Chair.

Halitophobia- It is the fear of having Halitosis or Bad Breath. Here are 10 Guidelines to a Better Breath which will be helpful in eliminating the fear of Halitosis or Bad breath which will even prevent people from talking to people and Socializing more with the fear of getting embarrassed about the Bad breath

Arachibutyrophobia- It is a specific fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. Where the patient experiences that when the peanut butter touches the roof of his mouth he think’s he\she is going to die by suffocating on the peanut butter paste.

Honondasdontiaphobia- This is the Fear of Loosing your Teeth be it generally or in a Dental Clinic, people with this phobia are very attached to their teetha dn are afraid they might loose them and take excess care of their teeth.

Geumaphobia- geumatophobia, geumophobia is a fear of unfamiliar tastes or flavors. And the person suffering will not prefer any new foods and will like to stick to the routine due to the fear of Taste and flavors.

Phagophobia- It is the fear of Swallowing or psychogenic Dysphagia(difficulty in swallowing) without any Physical problem detected by any number of clinical tests. This might lead to fear of eating and will considerably deteriorate the health of the patient if not dealt with.

Sitophobia or Sitiophobia or Cibophobia- Which is the fear of Food or Eating Food. It will prevent patients from taking food and will make them aversive of Food substances and disgusted by the sight and smell of food, which will lead to many health related complications later on.

Tetanophobia- This is a Specific dental related phobia which leads to the patients to fear of a Lock Jaw which means they fear of getting their jaw locked and never open up again. It is a fear of Tetanus which is a bacterial disease which causes Lock Jaw.

A Cell is made up of majorly 2 components:

1. Central nucleus surrounded by Nuclear membrane
2. Cytoplasm covered by Plasma membrane containing Cytoplasmic Organelles

Cell components and their Functions:

Plasma Membrane:

• Main function is Protection
• Prevents entry of harmful Substances holds cell together
• Transport of Metabolites cell to cell recognition and communication
• Plays an major role in Immune response
• Involved in Hormonal Action
• Helps in Conduction of Action potential

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Protein Synthesis
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – Steroid and Lipid Synthesis

Ribosomes:

• It plays a major role n the terminal parts of Protein Synthesis

Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus:

• Stores Secretions
• Modifies Secretions
• Packages Secretions

Mitochondria:

• It is termed as the power house of the Cell
• Plays an major part in the terminal stages of Aerobic Respiration
• Synthesizes ATP – hence called the power house of cell as ATP is the primary source of Energy
• Manufactures Polysaccharides

Pinocytotic Vesicles:

• Uptake of Dissolved Materials

Lysosomes:

• These are termed as the “Disposal Units” of the cell
• Contains Hydrolytic Enzymes which Digest materials
• They are the organelles which are the center of “Autolysis” or Intracellular Breakdown.

Centrioles:

• Help in Division of Cells
• During Cell division they separate and move to form the poles of the nuclear spindle

Micro Tubules:

• Are the main organelles which help in movement and Support of the Cell
• Beating of Sperm Tail or Cilia
• Movement of Chromosomes in cell division

Micro Filaments:

• Also play part in Movement and Support
• They help in General Floating motion of Cytoplasm (Cytoplasmic Streaming)
• Contraction of Muscle Fibers
• Microvilli

Nucleus:

Nuclear Membrane: Pores in the membrane serve as Transport Channels Site of Synthesis of RNA and DNA

Nucleoli and Chromatin Material: The information required to synthesize proteins is coded in the DNA. The DNA is copied into “Messenger RNA” molecules. These pass into the cytoplasm where the protein synthesis takes place.

History and Evolution of Pit and Fissure Sealents

1922- “PROPHYLACTIC ODONTOTOMY”-HYATT

1939- Gore – use of polymers- sol. of cellulose nitrate

1955- Buonocore – use of concentrated phosphoric acid solution

Gwinnett and Buonocore- used 50% H3PO4 produced porosity strong bond.

Cueto and Buonocore- used methyl cyanoacrylate monomer filled with silicate filler- polymerization of cyanoacrylate and releasing fluorides

1965- FIRST PAPER on pit and fissure published (Cueto and Buonocore)

1968- Roydhouse – used BIS-GMA monomer using methymethacrylate as diluent with peroxide amine polymerization system

1976- first colored sealant- CONCISE WHITE SEALANT (3M dental products)

1984- Burt reported- “first and second molars should be sealed as soon as possible after eruption because of their susceptibility to occlusal caries”

1989- Eccles noted- “fissure sealant should be used preventively for caries prone patient, and
therapeutically for suspect or early carious lesion

Wilson used zinc phosphate as Pit an Fissure Sealent

Kline and Knutson- use of ammoniacal silver nitrate

This is an Entrance examination for Foreign trained dentists who want to practice as a Dentist in USA.

Portion and Question Distribution in NBDE part I – Click here

The Rules which have been changed from Jan-2012:

Rule 1 — Numerical Scores will not be Disclosed:

• Earlier to 2012 the result was disclosed in the form of Numerical Scores, with above 75 as Pass and below 75 as Fail.
• But from Jan – 2012 The result will be given only in Pass or Fail, the numerical score will not be disclosed to the Student and the University as well.
• The Students who have appeared for NBDE part 1 before Jan – 2012 will retain their Numerical Scores.

How will this effect the intake criteria for Universities ?

• The Universities will now be seeing your Graduate Academic Scores for admissions
• Students applying to postgraduate programs will be required to submit with their ADEA PASS application a Personal Potential Index (PPI). The PPI is “a web-based evaluation system designed to provide a more complete picture of an applicant’s potential for success in an advanced dental education program—beyond grades, test scores and recommendation letters

Rule 2 — Retest is Cancelled

• A Student who has Passed the NBDE part 1 examination will not be allowed to take a retest.

For Failed students:

• You will be allowed to take Retest with a gap of 6 months for 2 Failed attempts.
• From the 3rd Failed attempt, the student will have to appear for Retest after 12 months.
• Only 5 Retest attempts are allowed.

These new regulations are effective from January 2012.

All other Rules and Regulations are the same without any change. These rules have been put forward by “Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations”

ASDA – American Student Dental association has  justified the change of evaluation into Pass/Fail from numerical scores is to assess the candidates in all round performance rather than just in Academics and IQ aspect. For which it has included2 new assessing Solutions:

1. Personal Potential Index (PPI)
2. National Postdoctoral Dental Qualifying Examination (NPDQE)

With inclusion of  “PPI and NPDQE” ASDA states that:

“The switch to a pass/fail NBDE will make non-cognitive personal dimensions more important. Using the PPI and possibly a national postdoctoral entrance exam, program directors hope to boost their abilities to identify applicants who will be most successful in their specialty. And with these new forms of evaluation, the best candidates may not be those with the highest IQ, but those who are well-rounded, personable and caring, in addition to clinically and scientifically competent.”

The Aiims 2012 Paper for the month of May is being discussed, and here are the questions which have been obtained.

Courtesy – “TARGET MDS”

1. component from 2nd branchial arch

(a)mandible

(b)muscle of mast

(c)muscle of facial exp

(d)TMJ

2. sensory supply of TMJ

(a)masseteric

(b)auriculotemporal

(c) buccal

3. which blood vessel does not suppl yphayngotypmpanic tube?

(a)asc. pharyngeal

(b)asc. palatine

(d)middle meningeal

(d)art. of pterygoid canal

4. in intrusion – centre of rotation?

(a)infinity

(b)apical 3rd

(c)CEj

(d)outside tooth

5. min ortho force

(a)>cap blood pr

(b)=cap bl pr (optimum)

(d)does not depend on capillary blood pressure

6. relapse after rotation due to

(a)horizontal fiber

(b)oblique

(c)supraalveolar

(d)apical

(as far as i remember it was SUPRACRESTAL gingival fibres)

7. ortho wire – energy storage related to

(a)range

(b)formability

(c)resilience

(d)prop limit

8. progressive malocclusion

(a)cl 1

(b)cl 2

(c)cl 3

(d)a+c

9. most mucostatic imp is

(a)imp compound

(b)PoP

(c)ZnO eugenol

(d)wax

10. annealing is

(a)hardening heat trt

(b)softening heat trt

(c)precipitating heat treatment

(d) stress relieving heat treatment

11. legionnaire’s disease – false is

(a)Ab in urine is diagnostic

(b)water borne

(c)can infect ameba intracellularly

(d)human 2 human transmission seen

12. hair on end appearance in xray?

(a)sickle cell an

(b)thalassemia

(c)aplastic an

13. Stage 2 carcinoma is

(a)T1 NOM0

(b)T2N0M0

(c)T2N1M0

(d)T1N1M0

14. which surface of tongue not commonly affected by CA?

(a)dorsal

(b)ventral

(c)lateral

(d)post

15. xray contrast best controlled by

(a)exp time

(b)kvp

(c)mA

(d)tube angulation

16. inter-radicular bone ?

(a)cortical

(b)cancellous

(c)exophytic

17. student t test – true is

(a)no of observation in sample is same

(b)SD is similar

(c)mean is similar

(d)sample is small

18. mean resp rate in diff kind of smokers and non smokers , categorized as 4 categories… mild, moderate, heavy and test used to asses the means between them -

(a)one way ANOVA

(b)two way ANOVA

(c)student t

(d) chi square

19. nervus intermedius does not carry

(a)spc visceral eff

(b)spc somaticl eff

(c)gen somatic eff

(d)gen visceral eff

20. micrognathia+cleft palate+glossoptosis

(a)pierre robin

(b)trisomy 21

(c)achondroplasia

21. moon facies seen in

(a)cushing

(b)albright

(c)peutz-jeghers

(d)addisons syndr

22. child suffering trauma at 4 yr and discoloured central incisor at 7 -

(a)turner’s hypoplasia

(b)syphilitic hyp

(c)ricket

(d)enamel fluorosis

23. pemphigus vulgaris diagnosed clinically by?

(a)nikolsky

(b)auspitz

24. white radiating line on bucccal mucosa seen in -

(a)leukoplakia

(b)erythroplakia

(c)LP

25. bull’s eye lesion

(a)erythema multiforme

(b)psoriasis

26. anitskow cell in all except -

(a)apthous ulcer

(b)herpes simplex

(c)iron def. anemia

(d)sickle cell anemia

27. most plaque accumulation acc to glickmann is

(a)7 days

(b)15

(c)30

(d)60

28.ideal brush acc to WHo

(a)1-11/4″ length, 5/16-3/8 ” dia, 2-4 rows, 5-12 tufts

(b)1-11/8″ length, 5/16-3/16 ” dia, 2-5 rows, 5-12 tufts

(c)

(d)

29. walls of cl 5 cavity depends on -

(a)dir of enamel rods

(b)inciso and gingivo axial walls

(c)extent of caries

(d)

30. abrasion mostly seen in

(a)Lt max arch

(b)Rt max arch

(c)Lt mand arch

(d)Rt mand arch

31. cervical erosion – material of choice

(a)GIC

(b)RM-GIC

(c)Compomer

(d)Composite

32. enamel etching removes -

(a)10-20 um

(b)2-7 um

(c)21-30

(d)40-50

33. dentin conditioning -

(a)removes smear layer

(b)bonds with resin

(c)forms plug between resin tag and dentin

(d)increases surface energy

34. 4 canal mand tooth – acc cavity shape

(a)triangular

(b)oval

(c)trapezoidal

(d)circular

35. etching – gel preferred

(a)easy apply

(b)conc of acid

(c)washing easy

(d)application control

36. denture cleansers – main component

(a)H2O2

(b)sod perborate

(c)alkali agents

(d)detergents

37. not used as abrasive in dentrifice

(a)CaCO3

(b)NaCl

(c)Silicate

(d)amylose

38. Juvenile periodontitis?

(a)neutrophil chemotactic defect

39. Which is seen in pregnancy gingivitis?

(a)A.a.comitans

(b)Bacterioids .melaninigenica

(c)S.sanguis

(d)fusobacterium

40.ludwig angina – best feature?

(a)trismus

(b)raised tongue

(c)raised ear lobule

(d)

41.mand deviates toward Rt – muscle defective is

(a)Rt Lt pterygoid

(b)Lt Lt pterygoid

(c)Rt temporalis

(d)Lt temporalis

42. preferred choice of brushing in disease

(a)roll

(b)scrub

(c)sulcular

(d)vibratory

43. gum hypertrophy seen in -

(a)nifedipine

(b)

(c)

(d)

44. tobacco chewing most ass. with -

(a)ANUG

(b)

(c)

(d)

45. green stain in child. cause -

(a)chromogenic bacteria

(b)plaque

(c)materia alba

(d)

46. desquamative gingivitis – feature

(a)hyperkeratoses

(b)enlaged rete pegs

(c)loss of base. membrane

(d)

47. min lobes to form a tooth

(a)2

(b)3

(c)4

(d)5

48. dentin hypoplasia + areas of interglobular dentin etc etc?

(a)Dent. Imperf

(b)Dent. dysplasia

(c)Odontodysplasia

(d)dentin hypocalcification

49. chronic pulpal involvement in primary tooth – first sign?

(a)fuzziness in furcation area

(b)changes in apical area

(c)

(d) resorption

50. failure of formocresol pulpotomy?

(a)internal resorb

(b)discolouration

(c)obliteration of pulp canal

(d)pain

51.% of NaOCl in cariosolv?

(a)0.5-1

(b)1-5

(c)5

(d)10

52. chemically activated resin – P/L ratio ?

(a)3:1 by vol, 2:1 by wt

(b)2:1 by vol, 3:1 by wt

(c)1:3 by vol, 1:2 by wt

(d)2:1 by vol, 1:3 by wt

53. cold cure resin – activator is

(a)dibutyl pthalate

(b)dimethyl p-toluidine

(c)glycol dimethacrylate

(d)benzoyl peroxide

54. reverse bevel incision is given to-

(a)remove pocket lining

(b)to reach alv crest

(c)raise marg. gingiva

(d)all

55. Yt laser – false is

a) used in periodontal surgery

b )generated @ rapid pulse

c)absorbd by pigmented cell

(d) wave length is 10,400 um

56. surgery best done -

a)1 month after hygenic phase

(b)4 week before ocllusal adjustments

(c)8 week after restorative phase

(d)immediately after hygienic phase

57. rhabdomyocarcoma – sarcoma of

(a)smooth mus

(b)striated mus

58. proximal caries – ortho problem?

(a)loss of arch length

(b)loss of tooth

(c)gaining of arch length

(b)loss of transverse arch width

59. traumatic occlusal force and changes in bone

(a)o.b. in pressure area o.c. in tension area

(b)o.c. in pressure area o.b. in tension area

(c)osteoid in pressure area o.b. in tension area

(d)functional atrophy

60. role of plaque most obscure in

(a)juvenile pd

(b)ANUG

(c)desquamative gin

(d)pregnancy gin

61. not found in periodontitis

(a)bacteroides

(b)wolinella

(c)neisseria

62. to measure periodontal disease

(a)PMA index

(b)gingival index

(c)peridontal index

(d)sulcus bleeding index

63. occurence of malocclusion in a given population termed as

(a)incidence

(b)prevalnece

(c) mortality

(d)probability

64. clinically apical end of sulcus is -

(a)JE

(b)CEJ

(c)apical end of probe

(d)alv crest

65. root canal filled in a ging recession case

(a)1mm apical to recession

(b)1mm apical to CEJ

(c)1mm below canal opening

66. apical migration of JE + marginal ging

(a)shallow pocket

(b)true pocket

(c)intrabony

(b)suprabony

67. CPITN measures

(a)full arch

(b)quadrant

(c)sextant

68. prion – true is

(a)readily inactivated by autoclave at 121C

(b)evokes strong immunologic reaction

(c)sensitive to most chemical sterilization

(d)contains DNA/RNA

69. hand piece not sterilized in

(a)autoclave

(b)gamma ray

(c)dry heat

(d)ethylene oxide

70. glass bead sterilization of files

(a)5 secs

(b)30 secs

(c)gauze soaked in NaOCl

(d)gauze soaked in iodoform

71. GIC binds to tooth via

(a)polycarboxyl groups

(b)carboxyl groups

(c)metal ions

72. hyaline zone is

(a)cell free zone Hist. similar to hyaline appearance

(b)change to hyaline catilage

(c)lamina dura converts into hyaline cartilage

(d)periodontal ligament changes to hyaline cartilage

73. in ortho wire -

(a)F=D4/L3

(b)f= d1/;i

(c)f=d8/l8

74. nerve tissue growth completes in

(a)6-7yrs

(b)10-12yrs

(c)14-16yrs

(d)18yrs

75. ulner sesamoid bone calcification starts in

(a)puberty

(b)prepubertal growth spurt

(c)birth

(d)3 months after birth

76. TMJ ankylosis – most common cause

(a)infection

(b)trauma

(c)hereditary

(d)idiopathic

77. nerve supply of buccinator

(a)V

(b)VII

(c)IX

(d)XII

78. disposal of yellow bag material in hospital

(a)burial

(b)autoclave

(c)incineration

(d)

79. basal cell CA commonly in -

(a)upper 3rd face

(b)middle 3rd face

(c)lower 3rd face

(d)lower lip

80. plaque forms after brushing

(a)in few mins

(b)1/2-2 hrs

(c)3-4 hrs

(d)6 hrs

81. polishing with

(a)silicon carbide

(b)27um alumina

(c)50um alumina

(d)sodium bicarbonate

82. periodontometer checks

(a)mobility

(b)furcation

(c)pocket

83. most common -

(a)cleft lip

(b)a+cleft alveolus

(c)b+cleft palate unilateral

(d)b+cleft palate bilatral

84. last resort for anaesthesia

a intraligamentary

b intrapulpal

85. interdental col :

A.is covered with NON keratinized

B.harbours bacteria

C.difficult to clean

D. All

86) ground substance breakdown in pdl caused by enzyme

a collagenase

b hyaluronidase

87) Dental flossa

a.Type 1 embrasure

b Type 2

c Type 3

d All

88) neonatal teeth are

a present @ birth

b present 180 days aftr birth

c within 45 days of birth d

89. Nd:YAg false is

a used in periodontal surgery

b.generated @ rapid pulse..sumthinc absorbd by pigmented cellsd 10600nm

90) most accepted theory of dentinal pain

a.hydrodynamic

b.gates control and vibration theory

91) neonatal teeth area present

a birth

b present 180 days aftr birth

c within 45 days of birth

91) One question was unknown abnormal sensation is:

a) dyskinesia
b) anesthesia dolorosa
c) alodynia
d)causelsia