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Cell Components and Functions of Cell Organelles

May 15, 2012 by Dr. Varun Pandula 32 Comments

A Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of the body. Which is the Basis of all the functions of the body. These are called as the basic building blocks of any Living being. There are many types of cells in the human body which have different functions. Cells are made up of different parts having their own unique function. Some Cells have the power to replicate as they contain hereditary materials.

A Cell is defined as “The smallest unit that can live on its own and makes up all the living organisms and tissues of the body”. The human body is said to be made up of 30 trillion cells

A Cell is made up of majorly 3 components:

  1. Cell membrane which surrounds the cell and acts as a gate keeper, controlling the substances which go out or into the cell structure
  2. Central nucleus surrounded by Nuclear membrane
  3. Cytoplasm covered by Plasma membrane containing Cytoplasmic Organelles

Cell Organelles Function Cell components and their Functions:

Plasma Membrane:

  • Main function is Protection
  • Prevents entry of harmful Substances holds cell together
  • Transport of Metabolites cell to cell recognition and communication
  • Plays an major role in Immune response
  • Involved in Hormonal Action
  • Helps in Conduction of Action potential

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Protein Synthesis
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – Steroid and Lipid Synthesis

Ribosomes:

  • It plays a major role n the terminal parts of Protein Synthesis

Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus:

  • Stores Secretions
  • Modifies Secretions
  • Packages Secretions

Mitochondria:

  • It is termed as the power house of the Cell
  • Plays an major part in the terminal stages of Aerobic Respiration
  • Synthesizes ATP – hence called the power house of cell as ATP is the primary source of Energy
  • Manufactures Polysaccharides

Pinocytotic Vesicles:

  • Uptake of Dissolved Materials

Lysosomes:

  • These are termed as the “Disposal Units” of the cell
  • Contains Hydrolytic Enzymes which Digest materials
  • They are the organelles which are the center of “Autolysis” or Intracellular Breakdown.

Centrioles:

  • Help in Division of Cells
  • During Cell division they separate and move to form the poles of the nuclear spindle

Micro Tubules:

  • Are the main organelles which help in movement and Support of the Cell
  • Beating of Sperm Tail or Cilia
  • Movement of Chromosomes in cell division

Micro Filaments:

  • Also play part in Movement and Support
  • They help in General Floating motion of Cytoplasm (Cytoplasmic Streaming)
  • Contraction of Muscle Fibers
  • Microvilli

Nucleus:

Nuclear Membrane: Pores in the membrane serve as Transport Channels Site of Synthesis of RNA and DNA

Nucleoli and Chromatin Material: The information required to synthesize proteins is coded in the DNA. The DNA is copied into “Messenger RNA” molecules. These pass into the cytoplasm where the protein synthesis takes place.

Comments

  1. Nash says

    July 18, 2012 at 6:00 am

    I love what is here .a complete summary.thankyou so much

  2. bhasm says

    November 28, 2014 at 3:45 pm

    tooooooooooooooooooooooooooo big but nice work
    thxzz so much

  3. Rahat ali says

    June 8, 2016 at 4:18 am

    The definnation are good but there are few point

  4. Figatu says

    December 1, 2016 at 3:27 am

    Real good

  5. jagadha says

    July 5, 2017 at 2:46 am

    sprrrbbb babai

  6. patricia says

    August 30, 2017 at 5:41 pm

    thank you great work

  7. Prince Kumar says

    September 9, 2017 at 11:03 am

    Which component of the cell involved in cell membrane and provides shape of the cell?

  8. Prince Kumar says

    September 9, 2017 at 11:03 am

    Which component of the cell involved in cell membrane and provides shape of the cell?
    Please try to give my answer in my gmail

  9. olwalacollymax says

    September 12, 2017 at 3:02 pm

    thank you Dr

  10. Chhavi says

    September 21, 2017 at 10:41 am

    Helpful

  11. Johnny says

    October 15, 2017 at 4:02 am

    Fine

  12. Jav G says

    October 30, 2017 at 1:53 pm

    This was really helpful thank you for the time you have taken out to produce this. Much appreciated xx.

  13. S says

    November 27, 2017 at 3:47 pm

    I have got an good information in this website

  14. nsanjay says

    December 5, 2017 at 8:44 am

    was amazing yo know these parts of the cell thanx alot

  15. Latief From J&K says

    December 24, 2017 at 5:37 pm

    Enough for beginners Thank u

  16. eliakim mbuya says

    January 3, 2018 at 10:28 am

    nice work my friends. ….you help us

  17. Raunak says

    February 10, 2018 at 3:39 pm

    Excellent

  18. Ashish Jha says

    April 19, 2018 at 12:56 am

    Whats’ the good information

  19. sani barau says

    April 23, 2018 at 11:41 am

    nice interpretation sir

  20. Lydia John says

    June 10, 2018 at 5:35 am

    Nice one

  21. Stefhan says

    October 1, 2018 at 12:37 pm

    Thanks for all of this

  22. bishnu saikia says

    October 28, 2018 at 3:22 am

    Good

  23. Grace says

    November 14, 2018 at 12:47 pm

    This was really helpful thanks

  24. Kejiya shilal says

    November 28, 2018 at 1:28 pm

    Thank you ?

  25. Smith says

    December 12, 2018 at 2:05 pm

    I love this…
    Reliable and helpful.. ??

  26. Glory says

    December 21, 2018 at 4:36 am

    It’s really helpful.Thanks a lot

  27. Dhruv says

    January 6, 2019 at 7:34 am

    Very useful website

  28. Sujit Kumar Yadav says

    March 24, 2019 at 4:15 pm

    Nice quality, most written story

  29. Dr.yilma aramde says

    April 1, 2019 at 6:45 am

    the fluid that is cytoplasm

  30. Shivang Patel says

    April 21, 2019 at 4:35 pm

    Thanks a lot sir.

  31. Siddha says

    August 17, 2019 at 3:37 pm

    Really useful thanks bro ??

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