Oral Thrush what is it: Oral thrush is a fungal infection, which targets the mucous membrane in the oral cavity, it is caused by the fungus ‘candida albicans’. It is seen in babies as well as adults.
How does one acquire Oral thrush: As we know it caused by a fungus which is a commensal in the oral cavity, the primary reason is decrease in immunity. Some of he secondary reasons are use of antibiotics, Diabetics, Smokers, undergoing chemotheraphy, under nutrition, AIDS, some people wearing dentures which do not fit properly have a contunious presence of a bleeding lesion or ulcer in the mucous membrane which acts as the site of entry of the commensal into the mucous memrane to cause the disease.
Sites Of Appearance: Commonly present on Tongue, soft palate, inner parts of cheeks, and all the parts of oral cavity lined by mucous membrane like gums, back of the mouth, oesophagus.
Symptoms (or) the clinical features: There is appearance of small white or slightly yellow spots, raised slightly above the surface of the mucous membrane they affect, they are normally painlessin babies but in adults there is a burning sensation and when they are removed by scrapping they leave a bleeding lesion on the surface where they were present earlier.
Coping with the Symptoms: Thrush can make the mouth so sensitive that it is impossible to perform regular oral hygiene. So Use of a very soft toothbrush is very helpful. It can often help to rinse the mouth with a diluted solution of 3 per cent hydrogen peroxide.

This condition is also called as Edentulism. This is a condition where there are no teeth left in the oral cavity and all the teeth have fallen.

In this condition there will be great difficulty for the patient to chew any kind of hard food as the mucous membrane of alveolar ridge will be exposed and the patient has to get complete dentures.

There will also be shrinkage of the mandible inwards and the aesthetics of the patient will be affected very badly, and it also gives a very aged look to the patient, so the sooner the dentures are put the better it is.

There will be problem in speech and pronunciation, so the quality of the speech and the communicating power of the patient is reduced.

Permanent teeth are the set of teeth which replace the Deciduous teeth, the permanent teeth are more in number and are comparatively larger than the deciduous teeth.

These are called the Permanent teeth because these are the last teeth to erupt and there will be no new growth of teeth in the oral cavity after these teeth are lost.

There are a total of 32 permanent teeth present in the oral cavity of an adult human being, There are

• Incissors - 8
• Canines - 4
• Premolars - 8
• Molars - 12

To know the positioning of the teeth look at the picture given in the post.

Deciduous teeth also known as the Milk teeth are the set of teeth present in children. These teeth are present upto the age of 12 in most of the children but can vary in some individuals, There are mainly 5 teeth in each Quadrant in the oral cavity.

The teeth missing are both the Pre molars and the 3rd molar

The teeth present are: Incisor

Canine

Molars

Refer to the picture to get a clear view of the dentition .

Dental pain is the main reason why a patient comes to a doctor especially a dentist because the dental pain is the worst pain of the lot.

Predisposing factors: Dental pain is can be caused due to many reasons regarding the parts surrounding the mouth like the jaws and teeth, but the most common reason is a cavity in the tooth or a tooth decay which leads to sharp, severe and throbbing unbearable pain or tooth impactionand sometime due to the third molar which grows sidewards.

Pain in the tooth should not be neglected as it is the symptom of the diseased condition which needs immediate attention of a doctor.

Causes: dental pain is caused mainly by tooth cavity, tooth decay, tooth fracture, exposed tooth root, gum disease, TMJ joint problems etc. 

Diagnosis: Tests for the sensitised teeth are done: Heat test, Cold test etc  

Temporary treatment till you get to a doctor: During pain it is best to avoid hot and cold substances and to mainly avoid hard substances as they aggrevate the problem, clove oil applied on the affected area has beed considered to be the oldest and best known temporary cure for tooth ache, . These precautions can help you relieve the pain till you get to the doctor and get the real cause treated.

Precautions: As all say precaution is better than cure, so it is better we avoid any harmful substances which cause discomfort and can lead to dental pain, like taking very hot and cold substances should be avoided as well as hard subtances which can expose the sensitive layers of the tooth and cause pain.